Association of isoflavone biomarkers with risk of chronic disease and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lu L.J., Anderson K.E. Applegate C.C., Rowles J.L., Ranard K.M., Jeon S., Erdman J.W. Ingram D., Sanders K., Kolybaba M., Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. (2017) included 26 trials with 2652 participants [48]. The four chemical forms of the three most abundant isoflavones. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. In some Asian countries, isoflavone intake, usually derived from soy consumption, can be associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In view of the results gathered in the present review, we can conclude that there is scientific evidence that reveals the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health and thus in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Scientists often disagree about certain things. Effects of isoflavones in cardiovascular disease-related markers. Abdi et al. Wang X., Dykens J.A., Perez E., Liu R., Yang S., Covey D.F., Simpkins J.W. He Bays that his thermometrical instruments were sensibly affected by the moon's rays, even at the lowest of two stations occupied by him at different elevations. Rienks et al. Regarding breast cancer (Table 4), the same increase in soy isoflavone intake (10 mg/day) was related to a 9% lower risk of breast cancer mortality. Influence of cellular ERalpha/ERbeta ratio on the ERalpha-agonist induced proliferation of human T47D breast cancer cells. Finally, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. Oral isoflavone supplementation on endometrial thickness: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. The difference for isoflavones required to find an effect can be due to variations in the amount of isoflavone intake between both populations. Simental-Menda L.E., Gotto A.M., Atkin S.L., Banach M., Pirro M., Sahebkar A. Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Xu B., Chibber R., Ruggiero D., Kohner E., Ritter J., Ferro A., Ruggerio D. Impairment of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by advanced glycation end products. Effects of isoflavones in bone health maintenance. Liu J., Yuan F., Gao J., Shan B., Ren Y., Wang H., Gao Y. The site is secure. Potential health adverse effects in the intake of isoflavones have been postulated due to their estrogenic activity, especially in relation to breast cancer. (2017) conducted a meta-analysis with ten observational studies to assess the association between the isoflavone compounds daidzein, genistein and equol, and breast cancer [61]. By contrast, the total isoflavone amount is high in soy flour, protein isolate or edamame [19]. Non-pharmacological treatments included isoflavones, which appeared to be better than placebo in the relief of vasomotor symptoms, although not significantly better than the treatment with estradiol and progesterone. The authors indicated that high concentrations of daidzein and genistein (no specific values concerning these concentrations were available) were related to 34% and 28% reduction in breast cancer risk, respectively, whereas no association with equol was found. Regarding endometrial cancer, three prospective and five case-control studies were analyzed, which suggested a lower endometrial cancer risk associated with isoflavone consumption. However, the authors acknowledged several limitations to their study, such as the small sample size in the meta-analysis (middle-aged 276 women and 209 men), and recognized that a large number of subjects as well as a lengthier intervention are needed to investigate whether supplementation of soy isoflavones actually improves these outcomes. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (, isoflavones, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, soy, bone health, cardiovascular risk, cancer, menopausal symptoms. Akhlaghi M., Ghasemi Nasab M., Riasatian M., Sadeghi F. Soy isoflavones prevent bone resorption and loss, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. . An official website of the United States government. However, the moonlight decreases after the full moon. Messina M.J. Legumes and soybeans: Overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. (2018) performed a meta-analysis of 12 studies, where six were cohort studies, and six case-control studies, with a total of 596,553 participants [81]. Day A.J., Caada F.J., Daz J.C., Kroon P.A., Mclauchlan R., Faulds C.B., Plumb G.W., Morgan M.R., Williamson G. Dietary flavonoid and isoflavone glycosides are hydrolysed by the lactase site of lactase phlorizin hydrolase. In the end, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. In the same line, Yu et al. Therefore, the authors concluded that the intake of dietary isoflavones paid a protective role against ovarian cancer. Acid rain also removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that trees need to grow. In Japanese men, pre-diagnostic circulating levels of genistein, daidzein and equol did not significantly affect prostate cancer risk. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products. Cheynier V., Sarni-Manchado P., Quideau S., editors. (2018) analyzed 12 studies with 37,275 women with breast cancer and reported that soy isoflavone consumption at a pre-diagnosis stage might have a small effect on the survival of postmenopausal women with breast cancer [69]. Nevertheless, it is important to consider this metabolite since it is key in the biological activity of isoflavones [13]. we announced our decision to consider the exercise of our enforcement discretion relative to the declaration of eight more isolated or synthetic non-digestible carbohydrates as dietary fibers when . They also note that the effects of isoflavones are greater when administered as aglycones. Background Climate change and the current phase-out of fossil fuel-fired power generation are currently expanding the market of renewable energy and more especially photovoltaic (PV) panels. Possible mechanism of action of isoflavones for menopausal symptoms. Contrary to other types of renewable energies, such as wind and hydroelectricity, evidence on the effects of PV panels on biodiversity has been building up only fairly recently. Rizzo G., Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Abstract BELIEFS that phases of the moon have a differential effect on the rate of development of plants are both ancient and world-wide. This fact was not taken into account in previous meta-analyses, and thus it may justify the discrepancies amongst them. You J., Sun Y., Bo Y., Zhu Y., Duan D., Cui H., Lu Q. Hua X., Yu L., You R., Yang Y., Liao J., Chen D. Association among Dietary Flavonoids, Flavonoid Subclasses and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. For this reason, the bioavailability of isoflavones has been extensively characterized in animal models and humans [25,26,27]. That's what behavioral ecologist Jenny York learned while studying white-browed sparrow weavers . Overall, evidence regarding the use of isoflavones in cancer prevention suggests that they may be useful in reducing the risk of suffering from some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, two of the types for which the association between isoflavone intake and cancer risk has been studied more in-depth. However, a limitation in this field is that there is still a great heterogeneity among studies. (2016) suggested that a daily intake of soy isoflavones, ranging from 20 to 100 mg/day, reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentrations, as well as some markers of oxidative stress (nitric oxide and malonaldehyde), thus reducing cardiovascular risk [52]. Jiang R., Botma A., Rudolph A., Hsing A., Chang-Claude J. Phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. On the contrary, a systematic review and meta-analysis reported by Man et al. Prez-Cornago et al. In the meta-analysis reported by Chen et al. From laboratory experiments, it's known that light intensities as low as 0.1 lux (approximately 0.01 foot-candle) during the night can influence photoperiodic time measurement in some plants and animals. Concerning this issue, six meta-analyses and two systematic reviews are included in the present review (Table 5). In this line, three meta-analyses were conducted to study isoflavone consumption and endometrial cancer risk. DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.AOB.A087491 Corpus ID: 89019113; Effects of Moonlight on Flower Induction in Pharbitis nil, Using a Single Dark Period @article{KadmanZahavi1987EffectsOM, title={Effects of Moonlight on Flower Induction in Pharbitis nil, Using a Single Dark Period}, author={Avishag Kadman-Zahavi and Dovrat Peiper}, journal={Annals of Botany}, year={1987}, volume={60}, pages={621-623} } The results showed no significant association between isoflavone consumption and gastric cancer risk, with the highest (0.675.5 mg/day) versus the lowest (0.0120.1 mg/day) categories of dietary isoflavone intake. These positive effects were associated with 54 mg/day of genistein and 600 mg/day of synthetic isoflavone ipriflavone. The effect of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. It is also important to mention that isoflavones could act as potential anticancer compounds due to their antioxidant role in malignant cell proliferation and differentiation (Figure 5). Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with a chemical structure similar to that of estradiol. Metabolites of dietary (soya) isoflavones in human urine. ); [email protected] (M.G.-A. Considering the isoflavone chemical structure, potential health adverse effects of these compounds related to their estrogenic activity have been postulated, despite the scientific opinion offered by EFSA indicating that isoflavone intake was safe. However, in the meta-analysis, a minor enhancement in flow-mediated dilation after soy protein supplementation was found. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This chemical feature confers estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects to isoflavones, depending on the cell type and the binding to - or -estrogen receptors. Isoflavone intake in four different European countries: The VENUS approach. However, the authors pointed out several limitations of this study, such as the important source of heterogeneity in their study. However, the magnitude of risk reduction in Asian women was slightly larger than in non-Asian women (22% vs. 18%). When a group receiving hormone replacement therapy was included in the study, significant differences between the effects of hormone replacement therapy and soy were found, being the effect of the former superior to that of isoflavones. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Regarding the effect of specific isoflavones, they suggested that genistein, alone or in combination with daidzein, improved bone density and bone turnover in women after menopause. Due to the high prevalence of colorectal cancer, three meta-analyses addressing this issue are included in the present review. Magee P.J. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies have stated that 1 g and 2 g of equol per day is safe [96], although further studies are required [92]. In this line, another meta-analysis, which included 52 controlled trials and 5313 patients, shows that soy isoflavones have beneficial effects on bone mineral density in the femur neck, lumbar spine, and hip, regardless of body weight or ethnicity [49]. Modified from Wang et al., 2006 [4]. Perna et al. With regard to prostate cancer, it has been proposed that it might be affected by isoflavone consumption due to its effect on hormone metabolism. Two meta-analyses, which covered prospective cohort studies, showed that soy isoflavone consumption was not associated significantly with mortality linked to cardiovascular events [56,62]. Global climate change is not a future problem. Li L., Xu L., Wu J., Dong L., Zhao S., Zheng Q. In soybeans, the three most abundant isoflavones are present in four chemical forms: aglycone, glycoside, acetylglycoside and malonylglucoside (Table 1 and Figure 2). The latter is the most common form in foodstuffs, with the exception of fermented soy products, such as miso and tempeh. (2016) published another systematic review of 23 randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of soy isoflavone extracts on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women [51]. In this sense, Micek et al. For the development of this section, the meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2020 were taken into account. (2015), the authors examined the efficacy of phytoestrogens in reducing hot flushes [86]. Murota K., Nakamura Y., Uehara M. Flavonoid metabolism: The interaction of metabolites and gut microbiota. Regarding blood pressure, inconsistent results were reported in three further interventional studies (n = 406 healthy, postmenopausal or obese participants aged 5079 years) either in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, after a supplementation with soy-protein. Neuroprotective effects of 17beta-estradiol and nonfeminizing estrogens against H. Endoh H., Sasaki H., Maruyama K., Takeyama K., Waga I., Shimizu T., Kato S., Kawashima H. Rapid activation of MAP kinase by estrogen in the bone cell line. Zhao T.T., Jin F., Li J.G., Xu Y.Y., Dong H.T., Liu Q., Xing P., Zhu G.L., Xu H., Miao Z.F. Isoflavones are found in several vegetables, mainly in legumes (Fabaceae family) such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans [9,10]. 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